Documentation style
Documentation style:
- Scientific documentation style:
- Documentation in the footnote according to the Chicago style (CMoS), seventeenth edition (17)
- Sources are cited in the footnotes, and the sources are also listed in a separate reference list, so an indication is made that there is documentation in the footnote so that each note in the footnote takes a number, and the number sequence is on each page, not continuous from the beginning of the research to its end.
This is done in several cases:
1. The author’s name is placed as it is without any spaces, then a comma is placed followed by a space, followed by the book title in bold, followed by a space.
Then, in parentheses, the place of publication is placed, followed by a colon, followed by a space, then the publisher, followed by a comma, followed by a space, followed by the year of publication, then close the brackets, and after it a comma is placed, a space, the page number, a a period.
Example: Al‑Ghazali Muhammad, Ihya’ ‘Ulum al‑Din, 2ED (Amman: Dar Wael for Publishing, 2005), 20.
2. In the case of repeating the footnote with no separation between the two footnotes that refer to the same source, but the quotation is from a different page than the previous one, the previous reference is written, a comma, the page number, and a period.
Example: previous reference, 25.
3. In case there are two authors of the book, we mention the name of the first author and the second, then we place a comma followed by a space, followed by the title of the book in bold, a comma, a space, the edition number, a space, the place of publication in brackets followed by a colon, a space, the publishing house, a comma, a space, the year of publication, then we close the parenthesis and place after it a comma, a space, the page number, and a period.
Example: Ihsan Muhammad al‑Hasan and Ali Salim, Social Research Methods, 3ed (Amman: Dar Wael for Publishing, 2005), 17.
4. Where there is more than one author, state the surname of the first author; for the remaining authors, do not list them individually but simply state ‘et al.’, followed by a comma and a space, then the book title in bold, followed by a comma, a space, the edition number, a space, the place of publication in brackets followed by a colon, a space, the publisher, a comma, a space, the year of publication, then close the brackets, followed by a comma, a space, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Hadad Hamza and others, Studies on the Project Civil Law, 3ed (Birzeit: Institute of Law, Birzeit University, 2003), 15.
5. If the reference or institution has an abbreviated name, the full name is mentioned the first time along with the abbreviation, and if it is used again, only the abbreviation is mentioned.
6. Documenting verses from the Holy Quran write the verse with diacritics marks, then write the name of the surah and the verse number in the following format: [At-Tawbah: 10].
7. .Where a hadith is cited, its citation should be as follows: The author’s name, followed by a comma, then the title of the book; next, the place of publication is placed in brackets, followed by two full stops, then a space, followed by the publisher, followed by a comma, followed by a space, followed by the year of publication, then the brackets are closed; followed by a comma and a space, after which we write the hadith number, followed by a comma, then a space, followed by the volume number and page number.
Example: Al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, (Beirut: Dar Tuq al-Najah, 2002), no. 4163, 5/124 This applies when the book is mentioned for the first time; in subsequent instances, it is sufficient to mention the author’s name along with the title of the book, followed by the hadith number, volume and page. Example: Al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 4164, 5:
8. When mentioning a translated book, the book is documented by mentioning the name of the original author first, followed by the title of the translated book in bold, then a comma followed by a space, When citing a translated book, the book is documented by first stating the original author’s name, followed by the title of the translated book in italics, then a comma followed by a space, then the edition number, then a comma followed by a space, then the translator’s name preceded by the word ‘Translated by’, followed by the place of publication in brackets, followed by a colon, followed by a space, followed by the publisher, followed by a comma, followed by a space, followed by the year of publication, then the brackets are closed, followed by a comma, then a space, then the page number, then a period.
Example: Gran Peter, Orientalism A Continuing Domination, 2ed,Translation: Sahar Tawfiq (Damascus National Center for Publishing, 2023), 25.
9. When using several references for the same researcher, we mention the researcher’s surname, and then we arrange each source with its publication year from the oldest to the newest, separated by a comma, and the publication year is placed between parentheses, followed by a comma, a space, and the page number.
Example: Al-Messiri, Encylopedia of jews, judaism, and Christianity,2ed (1999),145 Materialist philosophy and the Deconstruction of Man, 2ed (2002), 75.
10. To document an article in a journal, we mention the author’s name, the title, the journal in bold, the issue number, (the publication date), then a comma followed by the page number.
Example: Al-Abd Al-karim, Abd Al-karim, The Social Globalization for Woman and Family, Al-Bayan Magazine. issue 63 (2005), 34.
11. To document a website in a footnote: we mention the surname and the name, the title of the website or the description of the webpage, the owner or sponsor of the site, /the update date / last modification / the access date, the link.
Example: "Days of Reading, an Algerian initiative to encourage reading among children", Al-Jazeera Net, Al-Jazeera Media Network, update date on 24 December 2018
: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2009/1/4
Notice: Full details of the book (author’s name, title, edition number, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, page number) should be provided when the book is first cited; thereafter, it is sufficient to cite the author’s name, followed by the title, volume and page number.
References list:
The following is observed in it:
- Starting with the Arabic references, followed by the English ones.
- The references are arranged according to the alphabetical order.
- The references are written consecutively regardless of the differences in their sources: journals, books, website… etc.
And the reference information is written as follows:
1- The book by a single author: the surname, the first name. The title of the book in bold, Place of publication: the publisher, date of publication.
Example: Al‑Ghazali, Muhammad. Ihya’ ‘Ulum al‑Din. 2ed. Amman: Dar Wael for Publishing, 2005.
2-The book that has more than one author: we proceed as before, but we place a comma and after it the conjunction waw (and) before the surname of the last author.
Example: Haddad Hamza, Dawas Amin, Al‑Zu‘bi Haitham, Safarini Ali, and Al‑Assaf Mustafa. Studies on the Draft Civil Law. 3ed. Birzeit: Institute of Law, Birzeit University, 2003.
3-Translated book: the surname of the author, the first name (year of publication). The title of the book in bold. Edition number. Translation: the name of the translator. The publisher: year of publication.
Example: Gran Peter (2023). Orientalism A Continuing Domination. Translation: Sahar Tawfiq, The National Center for Publishing, 2023.
4- Article: the surname, the name. (year of publication). the title. Name of the journal in bold, the issue, the starting and ending page.
Example: Abu Nusrah, Ahmad. (2001). The attack on the belief and the social system in Islam. Al‑Bayan Journal. 161: 140–142.
5- Electronic reference: the owner or sponsor of the website. “The title of the website in bold” or a description of the website page, then a comma, a space, the update date, then a comma followed by a space, then the link.
Example: Al‑Jazeera Media Network. “Days for Reading: An Algerian Initiative to Encourage Reading among Children.” Al‑Jazeera Net. Update date: 24 December 2018.
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2009/1/4
6-Master’s or doctoral theses: the surname of the researcher, the first name. (year of completion), the title of the thesis in bold, the degree, the department, the college, the university.
Example: Khattour, Su‘ad (1401 AH). Customs and Traditions in Saudi Society, Master’s thesis, Department of History, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al‑Qura University.
