Documentation style
Scientific documentation style:
Footnote documentation according to the Chicago Method ( CMoS ) seventeenth edition (17)
Sources are cited in footnotes, and sources are also listed in a separate bibliography. Documentation is indicated in the footnote so that each footnote is numbered, and the numbering sequence is on each page and not sequential from the beginning of the research to its end. This is done in several cases:
- The author's name is written as is, without spaces, followed by a comma, a space, the book title in italics, then a comma followed by a space, then a print number followed by a space. The place of publication is then placed in parentheses, followed by a colon, a space, the publisher, a comma, a space, the year of publication, and the parentheses are closed with a comma, a space, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Al-Ghazali, Muhammad, Ihya Ulum al-Din,ED2 (Amman: Dar Wael Publishing, 2005), p. 20.
2. If a footnote is repeated without a space between two footnotes that refer to the same source but the quotation is from a different page, the previous reference should be written followed by a comma, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Previous reference, 25.
3.If the book has two authors, list the first and second authors, followed by a comma, a space, the book title in italics, then a comma followed by a space, then a print number followed by a space. The place of publication in parentheses, a colon, a space, the publisher, a comma, a space, the year of publication, and a comma, a space, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Ihsan Muhammad al-Hassan and Ali Salim, Social Research Methods, ED3 (Amman: Dar Wael Publishing, 2005), p. 17.
4. When there is more than one researcher, we mention the surname of the first researcher. For the other researchers, we do not mention their names but rather say "et al." followed by a comma, a space, the book title in italics, then a comma followed by a space, then a print number followed by a space. The place of publication in parentheses followed by a colon, another space, the publisher, a comma, another space, the year of publication, and then closing the parentheses with a comma, a space, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Haddad Hamza et al., Studies on the Draft Civil Code, ED3 (Birzeit: Institute of Law, Birzeit University, 2003), p. 15.
5. If the reference or institution has an abbreviated name, the full name should be mentioned the first time along with the abbreviation, and in case of repeated use, it should be mentioned in4 abbreviated form.
6. Documenting verses from the Holy Quran: Write the verse with the diacritics, then write the name of the surah and the verse.
7. When a prophetic tradition is mentioned, its conclusion is as follows: the title of the book, then a comma followed by the author's name, then a comma after which we mention the book and the chapter in which the tradition was mentioned, with a comma between them, then a comma and a space after which we write the tradition number between parentheses, then a comma after which is a space followed by the part and page number between parentheses.
Example: Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book of Marriage, Chapter on a Woman as a Shepherd in Her Husband's House (4904), (5/1996).
8. When citing a translated book, the citation should begin with the original author's name, followed by the title of the translated book in italics, then a comma followed by a space, then a print number followed by a space, then the translator's name preceded by the word "translation," followed by a comma, a space, the year of publication, and then closing the parentheses with a comma, a space, the page number, and a full stop.
Example: Gran Peter, Orientalism: A Continuing Domination, ED2, translated by Sahar Tawfiq (Damascus: National Publishing Center, 2023), p. 25.
9. When using several references for the same researcher, we mention the researcher’s surname and then arrange each source with its publication year with the edition number from oldest one to newest, with a comma between them. The publication year is in parentheses, followed by a comma, then a space, then the page number.
Example: Al-Masiri, Encyclopedia of Jews, Judaism and Christianity, ED5 (1999), 145; Materialist Philosophy and the Deconstruction of Man, ED2 (2002), 75.
10. To cite an article in a journal, include the author's name, followed by the title, the journal's name in italics, the issue number, the publication date, a comma, and the page number.
Example: Al Abdul Karim, "Abdul Karim, Social Globalization for Women and the Family," Al Bayan Journal , Issue 63 (2005), p. 34.
11. To cite a website, write in the footnote: Include the title and name of the website, the website address or a description of the website page, the owner or sponsor of the website, the date of last update/last change/date accessed, and the URL.
Example: “Days for Reading: An Algerian Initiative to Encourage Reading Among Children,” Al Jazeera Net, Al Jazeera Media Network, last updated December 24, 2018 : https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2009/1/4
12. When there is more than one reference in the same footnote, we arrange them according to the oldest, and the references in one footnote are separated by a semicolon (;).
13. When a quoted text is mentioned, it is placed in parentheses and the word "see" is not written in the footnote, and if the speech in the text is not literal, the word "see" is placed in the footnote.
14. When a book has parts, the part number is mentioned first in its documentation, then the page number, and they are separated by /.
Note: The book's full information is mentioned (author name, book title, edition number, place of publication, publishing house, date of publication, page number) when the book is mentioned for the first time, then we only mention the author's name, the book's name, the part, and the page .
References should be compiled as follows: - Begin with Arabic references followed by English ones. - Arrange references alphabetically. - List references sequentially regardless of their source: journals, books, websites, etc. Reference information should be written as follows:
(1 Book by one author: Surname, First name. Book title in italics. Edition number. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication.
Example: Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Ihya Ulum al- Din. Revival of Religious Sciences .ED2 .Amman: Dar Wael Publishing, 2005.
2) For a book with more than one author: We proceed as before, but we place a comma followed by the conjunction "and" before the surname of the last author.
Example: Haddad Hamza, Dawas Amin, Al-Zu'bi Haitham, Safarini Ali, and Al-Assaf Mustafa. Studies on the Draft Civil Code.ED3 .Birzeit: Institute of Law, Birzeit University, 2003.
3) Translated Book : Author's last name, first name (year of publication). Book title in italics. Edition number. Translation: Translator's name, publisher.
Example: Gran Peter (2023). Orientalism: A Continuing Domination. .ED3Translated by: Sahar Tawfiq, National Publishing Center.
4) Article: Surname, Name. (Year of Publication). Title. Journal Name in Italics, Issue Number, First and Last Pages.
Example: Abu Nasra, Ahmad. (2001). The Attack on the Creed and Social Order in Islam . Al-Bayan Journal . 161: 140-142.
5) Electronic reference: Website owner or sponsor. "Website title in italics" or website page description followed by a comma, a space, the date of last update, a comma, a space, and then the URL .
Example: Al Jazeera Media Network. "Days for Reading: An Algerian Initiative to Encourage Reading Among Children." Al Jazeera Net. Last updated December 24, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2009/1/4
6) Master's or Doctoral Theses: Researcher's surname/first name. (Year of completion), thesis title in italics, degree, department, college, university.
Example: Khatour, Suad (1401 AH). Customs and Traditions in Saudi Society , Master's Thesis, Department of History, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University.
